The Rise of Politically Partisan Infotainment - 2039 Words

Fox News: The Rise of Politically Partisan Infotainment Consumers now have access to more information than in any other point in history, and are being subjected to partisan news on a larger scale than ever before. Partisan news outlets, such as Fox News and MSNBC tailor their broadcasts to appeal to the confirmation bias of their target audiences. Each network not only chooses which stories to run based on the interest of their target demographic, but also frames the facts in a way that leads consumers to believe that their own beliefs, however factual, are correct, which aligns with a scientific principle known as confirmation bias. Confirmation bias is the tendency for people to seek out information that aligns with their beliefs,†¦show more content†¦198) Before the shift to bias or partisan news, the U.S. was brought together by World War II. Many people received their information only by newspaper or radio and there was a sense of pride knowing that journalists were sharing truthful information with the public. Thussu (1998) said that it is a journalists duty to explain the information they were providing and not â€Å"indulge in cheap ‘event journalism.’ â€Å"It was never good enough to throw our hands up in horror that people were dying †¦ We had to work out why – to chase the story back to its roots, and write about its origins fearlessly, even if it turned out that the ultimate beneficiary of the people’s suffering was a politician or a proprietor who had power over your own livelihood, or even your own life. A journalist’s right to investigate was not God-given: it was earned by playing one’s part responsibly in guarding the values of human society.† In the late 1950s and into the 1960s responsibility played a large role in how news was distributed. Three television networks, ABC, CBS, and NBC, were among the outlets with formally trained news anchors who brought forth a sense of unity in the country. But, as the years progressed and people began to develop special interests, the ways news was relayed transformed (Turow, 1997, p. 40). However, the biggest transformation was in the early 2000s when the threeShow MoreRelatedStudy Guide5838 Words   |  24 PagesGovernment supposed to protect freedom, maintain order or promote equality? Is there conflict between these goals? Chapter 5. Congress   Key Terms: Article I Necessary and Proper Clause Implied Powers Bicameral Reapportionment Incumbents Partisan Gerrymandering Baker v Carr Bill Committee/Subcommittee Seniority Hearings Mark-Up Rules Committee Filibuster Cloture Pocket Veto Veto Override Majority Party/Minority Party Speaker of the House Whips Unified Government Divided Government-

Racism And Prejudice Racial Profiling - 1078 Words

Racism and Prejudice Inflicted black communities since segregation and is still continues in today’s 21st century. The past and present assure us that history once again repeat itself with no difference. Americans has become divided to an expectation of what an American is. It seems that there has not been any solution to racial profiling. Unconsciously criminal’s assumptions are being beaten, violated, and murder over the decades. According to Thandisiwe Chimurenga, NO DOUBT THE MURDER OF OSCAR GRANTS illustrates the importance of a white supremacist system that has been designed to oppress people by racial profiling by color through the rigged judicial system, and media bias. Race and ethnicity defines the character and morality of†¦show more content†¦It is an exclusion of all American life. â€Å"†¦ what come out of the man’s mouth simply because the man was black†¦ because the person was not white. â€Å"of course he or she is a thug, a criminal, scumbag, a gang member, drug dealer, on welfare, a prostitute: he or she is black.† (Chimurenga, 171). This quote reveals the injustices we find against the African Americans, how the African Americans are commonly a suspicion. For this reason, Oscar’s criminal record was used as a motive for resisting arrest during the trial. â€Å"The imputing of crime to color continues with what we know to be racial profiling. Within the logic of white supremacy Blackness equals criminal.† (Chimurenga, 176). It is clear to see that the approach of police happens to be brutal from assumption of being black and dangerous to society. Police act based upon assumptions and no evidence. Mehersle encounter blacks differently than his own race. The judicial system favors police officers. Authority are protected by POBRA (Peace Officer’s Bills of Rights Act) restrict public access to police’s officers past. This shows a difference between civilians and the police force. They have the privilege of pleading not guilty on felonies being convicted. There is a clear conspiracy between prosecutors, judges and the police department. Proven that not a single African American picked to experience on the trial of Oscar Grant (153). â€Å"at the end of the trial Judge PerryShow MoreRelatedRacism And Racial Profiling And Prejudice1827 Words   |  8 Pageswith those words instead of my name. I do not say that I am ashamed of my culture or who I am but I just get tired of how society, giving and calling me by the labels, the labels built from their own stereotypes and racial discriminations. And here’s how my life has been filled with racism and discriminations. As every other day, I woke up with the worries of how my day going to be. Full fills with discriminations and stereotypes? Or being the victims of every other kid’s racist jokes? There are thousandsRead MoreRacial Profiling : The United States Essay1326 Words   |  6 PagesRacial Profiling The United States of America, a country founded on diversity, remains ingrained with hypocritical ideas with respect to its very foundations of freedom and independence. America shows no mercy in the prejudice actions towards its minorities. The United States of America contributes greatly towards the injustice of minorities and giving privilege towards its â€Å"native† people yet not all â€Å"natives† are greatly loved in the country as Neil Foley, author of Becoming Hispanic: MexicanRead MoreRacism : A Deeply Ingrained Problem1114 Words   |  5 PagesRacism is a deeply ingrained problem in our social systems. 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The United States may have come a long way to completing Martin Luther King Jr s dream, but our biases are still a prominent issueRead MoreShould Racial Slurs Be Banned From Society?847 Words   |  4 PagesShould Racial Slurs be Banned from Society? Racial slurs have grown within American history as our society has developed into one of the greatest superpowers of the world. As a nation, America has fought several internal and external wars to advance into a free country and attain the rights it now holds. These rights, or moral principles, were established to protect the residents inhabiting each state. Countless rules of regulation against racism have been enforced by Congress beginning from theRead MoreThe Minorities Vs. Entertainment War Essay882 Words   |  4 Pagesis a battle between ethnicities and the entertainment companies that is transparent to the naked eye in the 21st century, the argument I plan to use is: the media and film industries are required to portray each minority fairly without racially profiling any ethnicity but does not stay accountable to their word and actions. Throughout the generation, entertainment has been an activity which provides diversion and permits people to amuse themselves in their leis ure time, provide fun, enjoyment, andRead MoreThe Minorities Vs. Entertainment War868 Words   |  4 Pagesis a battle between ethnicities and the entertainment companies that is transparent to the naked eye in the 21st century, the argument I plan to use is: the media and film industries are required to portray each minority fairly without racially profiling any ethnicity but turns a blind side to the current situation. 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Racial profiling involves law enforcement officials targeting certain individualsRead MoreSociological Theories Of Prejudice And Racism1645 Words   |  7 PagesSociological Theories of Prejudice and Racism Functionalist theory argues for race and ethnic relations to be functional and thus supply to the melodic conduct and strength of society, racial and ethnic minorities must assimilate into that society. Assimilation is a process by which a minority becomes socially, economically, and culturally absorbed within the dominant society. The assimilation perspective assumes that to become fully fledged members of society, alternative groups must adopt as muchRead MoreRacial Discrimination Against Minorities Within The American Workforce Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesRacial discrimination against minorities within the American workforce is evident. Structural racism is the cause of why qualified minorities lacking opportunities, while lesser-qualified White-Americans are hired. This paper will discuss what structural racism is, how it plays into racial discrimination against qualifieded minorities, what can be done to prevent further racial profiling, and briefly touch on the adverse effe cts racial prejudice has on the economy. Keywords: structural racism, qualified

Interracial Marriages Proposal Free Essays

To see a black man and a white woman walking down the street holding hands used to be unheard of. It was a relationship that, for the few who engaged in it, was kept as quiet as possible.During the fifties and sixties, interracial dating was not socially acceptable and there were repercussions for those who were involved in such behaviors because various laws, such as the Jim Crow laws, which kept the different races/ethnicities separate and it was seen as extremely socially deviant to go against these rules. We will write a custom essay sample on Interracial Marriages Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Between 1970 and 2000, rates of interracial marriage increased more than seven-fold. Yet, little is known about the dating relationships between people of different races, particularly when it comes to analysis of who is most likely to become involved in such a relationship and for what reasons. Rates of interracial romantic relationships, especially interracial marriages, have often been seen as an indication of the social distance between racial and ethnic groups in a society (Vaquera and Kao 2007). Additionally, attitudes toward such relationships have been viewed as an indicator of the overall state of race relations (Yancey 2001). By this measure, it would seem apparent that the social distance between racial and ethnic groups has decreased markedly and the current status of race relations has sharply improved in the forty years since the Loving v.Virginia case declared laws prohibiting interracial marriage unconstitutional. Since the 1967 decision, the percentage of marriages that are between two people of different races or ethnicities has increased from 0. 7% of all marriages in 1970, to 5. 4% in 2000 (Lee and Edmunston 2005). Interracial dating and marriage are fairly new socially acceptable concepts that have been introduced into our society, but as time has progressed, more of these types of relationships are becoming prevalent.For many individuals there are multiple factors that play a significant role in determining the types of people they will date or consider marrying, such as the other person’s attractiveness, personality or personal preferences. The purpose of this study is to see which factors, in particular, influence how a person feels towards interracial relationships and whether or not certain factors influence a person’s decision to enter an interracial relationship. Specifically, I felt that there were certain factors that would be important in a person’s willingness to engage in an interracial relationship.These factors consisted of parent/family input, age, race, gender, religion, political affiliation, personal background and education level, with some of these fac tors weighing more heavily than others. I will also examine the attitudes towards interracial dating, especially with respect to how each individual perceived society’s view on interracial relationships, and whether or not the views of society impacted each person’s individual dating behavior. At the conclusion of the study, I hope to contribute to the existing literature regarding interracial dating and marriage. In addition the literature I will discuss more ways how people choose or do not choose to date/marry interracially rather than just the patterns that are seen in marriage licenses, as in the previous research. Overall, I hope that the findings from this research project will provide more diverse information than what is presently cited in the research literature today, as I plan to investigate the factors that influence a person’s willingness to engage in an interracial relationship and not just the trends that have been seen in interracial relationships.Literature Review Very little past research has analyzed the predictors of entering into interracial romantic relationships, which makes drawing assumptions about potential predictors somewhat difficult. There has been some research into predictors of attitudes toward such relationships, however, which provides a starting point for drawing some initial hypotheses. Additionally, there have been theoretical proposals for the exi stence of other predictors of attitudes and actions, which may be relevant to the current research.Recent studies have found that controlling for other variables, significant predictors of opposition to a law banning interracial marriage include being non-white, being younger, holding a liberal ideology, identifying as a democrat, having greater income, having a greater level of education, being less religious, and living outside of the South (Haider-Markel and Joslyn 2005). For some of these predictors, theoretical explanations have been proposed. Various researchers have conducted investigations into the many aspects of this type of relationship and have concluded that an increase in interracial marriages has occurred.This increase may be the result of numerous factors, including the Supreme Court lifting of the legal restrictions on racial intermarriage in 1967, the decrease in White prejudice against Blacks, and the narrowing of the racial gap in education, income, and occupation (Kalmijn 1993). However, Kalmijn (1993) states that although these factors may have resulted in an increase in interracial marriages, other factors may counter this effect. For instance, there has been an increase in Black unemployment, a rise in the racial gap of college enrollment, and part of the Black income gain of 1960-1970 has been lost (Kalmijn 1993).Because of the greater opportunities for groups of different races to meet and interact with each other, there are more chances for interracial relationships to develop. As a result of this he terogeneity in groups, individuals are more likely to initiate contact with members of other racial groups, thus causing them to consider out group members as potential mates (Blau 1982). In addition, Blau (1982) found that the smaller the group size, the more likely the members would engage in relationships with out-group members because of the limit of potential mates. The phenomenon of interracial marriages has become more present in American society today, mainly as a result of the closer interactions between groups of different races/ethnicities and the assimilation that has occurred between these groups. Race has been thought to predict attitudes toward interracial relationships at least partly because of fears of racial mixing among descendants of such relationships. Such concerns may have been heightened by the increasing number of children in interracial families, from 900,000 in 1970 to 3,400,000 in 2000 (Lee and Edmunston 2005).Additionally, the American population has become more racially diverse in recent years, and these two demographic shifts may initiate fears about threats to the social standing of one’s racial group. It has been theorized that perceived threats to racial group status may lead to increased prejudice and discrimination (Blau 1982), and thus we might expect that one’s race would influence their perception of interracial dating and marriage, as well as their likelihood to become involved in interracial relationships.Although many people of different races/ethnicities decide to initiate a relationship, evidence has shown that some combinations of races/ethnicities occur more often than others. For example, Kalmijn (1993) found that in most cases of marriages with a Black spouse and a White spouse, the husband was usually Black and the wife was usually White, rather than the husband being White and the wife being Black. Kalmijn (1993) explained this finding by stating that White women were engaged in a system of â€Å"status hypergamy†, where they tended to marry up in status when choosing to marry a Black man.In fact, South (1991) used similar reasoning in his study in which he used Exchange Theory to argue that men tend to exchange their socioeconomic resources for women’s sexual and domestic services. In effect, it is presumed that women are concerned with the socioeconomic status of their potential mate, while men are concerned with the physical attractiveness of their future spouse. Overall, men have been found to be more willing to intermarry than women and along with this finding, another interesting relationship is present.Blacks and Hispanics are found to be more willing than Whites to marry someone of another race/ethnicity (South, 1991). Thus, within the discussion of interracial marriage, both gender and race/ethnicity are important factors to consider when investigating t his topic as they both affect the dynamic of interracial relationships. Political ideology and party identification have also been hypothesized to affect perceptions of interracial relationships, and may therefore impact the decision to enter into such a relationship. Yancey (2001) argues that Republicans currently possess the image of social and racial conservatism, and tend to vote against the interests of African-Americans, which makes political affiliation an effective way of measuring political attitudes about race in the United States. Religiosity has also been proposed to affect attitudes toward interracial relationships and the probability of being in an interracial relationship. This may be because of the highly egregated nature of American religious institutions (Emerson 2006), that results in a lack of propinquity to those of other racial or ethnic groups for those whose social lives revolve around their church. In addition, some have argued that traditional religious organizations may promote more conservative views of race relations, while others have argued that since African-American churches have long been sources of activism, those who are heavily involved in these organizations may have stronger views about the potential negative effects of interracial relationships (Yancey 2001).Although much research has been conducted on the topic of interracial marriage, most of it concerns the patterns or trends that are present in society with respect to the number of people that have chosen to marry interracially. Each one of the research findings presented above provides a tremendous amount of insight into the phenomenon of interracial marriage and allows people to begin to understand how society has changed from being intent on separating people based on race/ethnicity to one emphasizing the importance of respecting and tolerating people of different cultures.Furthermore, these research findings help in the overall goal of interpreting the ways in which the institution of marriage has changed over time. Research Design Data collection for this research will be designed to get the perceptions of black males for the factors that influenced them to engage in a relationship outside of their race. I will conduct in-depth qualitative interviews and field quantitative surveys for my data in order to understand the compelling attitudes towards interracial relationships.I will rely on these methods of research to examine the data of which attitudes influence the likeliness of engaging in this type of relationship. Conducting in-depth interviews are useful when you want detailed information about a person’s thoughts and behaviors (Gerson 2010). They provide much more detailed information than what is available through other data collection methods, such as surveys. They also may provide a more relaxed atmosphere in which to collect information. People may feel more comfortable having a conversation with you about their thoughts and feelings as opposed to filling out a survey. As for the quantitative surveys, the great strength is for relatively little cost you can collect a lot of data about a number of variables from a large number of people. This is particularly true for measurement of quantitative variables using closed responses. With structured questions, data can be easily collected and analyzed using quantitative methods. Moreover, when combined with sampling, results can be generalized to large populations of people (Emerson 2010). These data collection methods will provide an overall comprehensive approach to better my research.The quantitative surveys and in-depth qualitative interviews will also provide the foundation of my analysis. I was interested in determining what factors influence people’s attitudes towards interracial relationships and I felt that this question was compelling because it would probably reflect a variety of different issues that have been addressed, including family communication and functioning, gender roles, the importance of education level and socioeconomic status. Sample In this study, certain characteristics will set several parameters to choose who will be participants in the sample.I will primarily use black males between the ages of 18-35 that have either dated or have married outside of their race as my sample. These men are more prone of socially accepting interracial relationship and are old enough to establish themselves. To collect data, I will draw my sample within the greater Houston area. An advantage of this drawing is the diversity of the possible participant of the Houston area. This data will be valuable as Houston provides an extremely interesting setting for such research.Houston’s population is far more diverse than the general population of the United States, and closely approximates the projected demographic composition of the nation in the near future (Klineberg 2005). Most of these participants I will know personally so initial contact will most likely be made over the phone. In order to complete the sample, I will employ the snowball method for selecting the rest of my population. In this method, participants are asked at the end of each interview to identify or refer any other person who would be willing to participate.Once I make initial contact with small group of people, I’ll then use these contacts to establish contacts with broader network (Lindsay 2008). This method is very helpful for getting response rates from difficult to reach populations. Once I have my selected sample, I will send letters to the households, describing the project and inviting the subjects to participate. I soon will follow these letters by phone call or in-house request, inviting the participants to be in the study. During this time I will go over all the details of my study and ensure the subjects confidentiality by guaranteeing their identities will remain anonymous if they chose to participate. With this information they should be able to make an informed decision without fear of any repercussions that could occur from contributing to the research. If they agree to participate, I will then set up an appointment time at their discretion to meet up and conduct my interview. Interview Plan Roughly 30 in-depth qualitative interviews will be conducted.Questions in these interviews will be semi-structured in a way that they will be put in an order that works from introductory questions as in, â€Å"What is your relationship like? † to more analytical questions like â€Å"How has this influenced your views on interracial marriage? † This type of structure will provide an atmosphere where the subject can open up gradually and also enabled the efficient use of probing when necessary. The interview schedule will consist of mostly open-ended questions but some yes/no questions will be used too.In order to get the most out of the yes/no questions, the questions in this format will require a reason for the subjects answer. Only one interview per participant will be needed. All interviews will be handled in person at the discretion of the subject and recorded for transcription and coding purposes. I expect the length of the interviews will average out around 45 minutes. These individuals must be willing participants and will sign consent forms if they want to go on to take part in the research examining the perceptions of engaging in interracial relationships.The interview schedule will contain sections on social and religious background, issues and ideology, professional and personal networks, and attitudes and motivations on a range of subjects. During the recording of these in-depth interviews field notes will be taken comprehensibly to highlight important occurrences. The recordings, transcription, and field notes will be used to establish consistent patterns and themes across all the interviews that can later be coded. Survey Plan In this research, the dependent variable is responses to the question, â€Å"Have you ever been in a romantic relationship with someone who was not [R’s ethnicity]? Possible responses to this question will be: â€Å"Yes,† â€Å"No,† and â€Å"Don’t Know/ Refused. † For the purposes of this study, those whose responses were coded as â€Å"Don’t Know/Refused† will be excluded from analysis. The independent variables used in this study include questions about demographic characteristics of the respondent, including age, gender, race/ethnicity, marital status, educational attainment, and household income; as well as two ideological characteristics: political ideology and religiosity.For the ideological independent variables, two different scales will be used. To assess political ideology, a scale will calculated from a combination of responses to the questions, â€Å"What is your political preference? Would you call yourself a Republican, a Democrat, an Independent, or something else? † To assess religiosity, a scale will calculated from a combination of the variable, â€Å"How important would you say religion is in your life? Would you say: very important, somewhat important, or not very important? The subjects will be promised complete confidentiality. Their names and other personal information will be changed and unrecognizable in the research write-up. Also, their names and addresses will be eliminated from all data-collection forms and will be replaced by identification numbers. The file connecting their personal information and their identifying numbers will be kept in a safe which will only be opened for legitimate research reasons. This experiment is completely voluntary and no subjects will be harmed.The participants can drop out at anytime. Of course, I will go through the IRB consent form in order to assess the potential risks to the subjects and determine if the procedure is safe and protects their welfare. Analysis To analyze the research results, I will first read and review my data. This is an important first step in any data analysis, whether qualitative or quantitative. Qualitative data often consist of interview notes, transcripts, or written documents and records. I’ll soon write notes as I review the field notes, transcripts or any other data.I’ll will make notes in the margins or highlight key passages as I review the data. Then I will begin to code my results. I will identify repeated patterns and ideas within my interview notes that relate to the research questions. Once that process has been completed, I will interpret the data by attaching significance to the themes and patterns that I have observed. These preliminary reviews may reveal areas that are being overlooked in the interviews and prompt me to allow time to address these in future interviews.Then I’ll write lists of key themes and review the data again. Consider alternative explanations by looking for differences in responses or observations that I will record in my data collection. Finally, draft a report of the details of my findings. To analyze the relationship between these independent variables and the dependent variable, procedures will be undertaken. First, I will conduct an analysis to see which predictor variables may have a relationship with the dependent variable.Then divide respondents by race/ethnicity, and then by gender to see if the predictor variables are different among racial groups or between genders. Limitations Although trends in rates of interracial marriage and assessments of attitudes toward interracial relationships provide important information about current levels of social distance and the state of race relations, such measures have limitations. A limitation of in-depth interviews is that it relies on people’s memories of their lives, which is certainly clouded by age. Interview responses are also prone to being biased.This bias occurs when members of certain groups (the more politically liberal, or more educated, for example) respond to questions about their attitudes in the way that they think they are â€Å"supposed† to respond in order for their responses to be socially acceptable. Every effort should be made to design a data collection effort, create instruments, and conduct interviews to allow for minimal bias. Interviewer must be appropriately trained in interviewing techniques. To provide the most detailed and rich data from an interviewee, the interviewer must make that person comfortable and appear interested in what they are saying.They must also be sure to use effective interview techniques, such as avoiding yes/no and leading questions, using appropriate body language, and keeping their personal opinions in check. When in-depth interviews are conducted, generalizations about the results are usually not able to be made because s mall samples are chosen and random sampling methods are not used. In-depth interviews however, provide valuable information for programs, particularly when supplementing other methods of data collection.It should be noted that the general rule on sample size for interviews is that when the same stories, themes, issues, and topics are emerging from the interviewees, then a sufficient sample size has been reached. Surveys also have a number of limitations. The most serious weakness concerns the validity and reliability of    responses obtained to questions. Surveys provide only verbal descriptions of what respondents’ say they do or how they feel about something. Responses cannot always be taken as accurate descriptions of what the respondents actually do or really feel about something.This is particularly true for behavior contrary to generally accepted norms of society. People are unwilling many times to indicate they have engaged in behavior not accepted by their group. Conclusion I say interracial marriages are important to examine because they can be an indicator for race relations and cultural assimilation. Studies have shown that support for interracial marriages is stronger than in the past, especially among the millennial generation. Among 18- to 29-year-olds, about 85 percent accept interracial marriages. How to cite Interracial Marriages Proposal, Papers

Use of Information and Communication Technology in Business

Question: Discuss about the Use of Information and Communication Technology in Business Operations. Answer: Introduction Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is becoming one of the major key factors of the recent developments. The ICT has infiltrated every segment of business. In the modern systems of business operations, the courier services have become the key factor of enterprises. These kind of services are distinguishable from ordinary mail services in terms of the services such as security, speed and committed delivery times (Schliwa et al., 2015). Discussion An Overview of Courier Services Courier services can provide faster delivery times. There is no such alternative that could be relied upon in terms of faster delivery. They involve the transportation of important documents and a chain of other services that have some basic characteristics such as door to door, reliability and secure delivery. The markets of courier could be described through express parcels, logistics and freight. Information and Communications Technology The function of ICT is to design, implement and maintain controls over the business processes. Information Technology has a vital role in the collection, processing and the storage of data. The data would then be stored, summarized and reported in the statements of the courier delivery services (Grosso et al., 2014). The Growing Impact of ICT on the Courier Services With the advent of digitalization and ICT, the role of the courier or the postal sector has changed massively. Innovation and technology are majorly used in order to cover the products and devices along with their applications and uses. The most noticeable innovations in technology that would affect the postal sector are big data, robotics, drones, the Internet of Things and many others. The competition in the technical sector and the increasing demand from customers have forced the postal and parcel operators to use much advanced technology for several purposes. They should also ensure improvement in the operational efficiency in order to provide newer services (Kowalkowski, Kindstrom Gebauer, 2013). Automated sorting and centralism of parcel and letter operations are the major developments in this sector. In the business of parcels, the delivery services have been improved with improved technologies such as PDAs for the purpose of signature scanning that have also added security for the consumers. Use of E-Commerce for Courier Services The use of ICT has transformed the society in many ways. Home delivery is the most preferable option for delivery companies and the consumers who are using the courier services. The demand for postal services have shown a major rise in the recent times. The volumes of parcels and letters are increasing as consumers are adopting much more online delivery services (Gangeshwer, 2013). Conclusion Based on the discussion, it can be concluded that the impact of ICT on the consumers of courier services have been massive. Technology has empowered consumers and have transformed them to active participants in the market of courier services. ICT acts as a better driving force for the better services for the customers. In the near future, technology will become more important for the postal services and thus would provide positive benefits for the consumers. References Gangeshwer, D. K. (2013). E-commerce or Internet Marketing: A business Review from Indian context.International Journal of u-and e-Service, Science and Technology,6(6), 187-194. Grosso, M. G., Nords, H. K., Ueno, A., Gonzales, F., Lejrraga, I., Miroudot, S., Rouzet, D. (2014). Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI): Transport and Courier Services. Kowalkowski, C., Kindstrm, D., Gebauer, H. (2013). ICT as a catalyst for service business orientation.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,28(6), 506-513. Schliwa, G., Armitage, R., Aziz, S., Evans, J., Rhoades, J. (2015). Sustainable city logisticsMaking cargo cycles viable for urban freight transport.Research in Transportation Business Management,15, 50-57.